Repeat region on ul missing element

Howdy everyone,

I’m applying a repeat region to a ul element and finding out that a graphic element goes missing.
This is my placeholder before applying the repeating behavior:

This is what I get with the repeat applied:

This is the code itself, with the missing element highlighted:

code973×137 21.2 KB

Applying an FA icon, which does something very similar, works fine. Any clue of what may be happening?

Thanks!